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Smartphones Improve Your Memory

Smartphones Improve Your Memory

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Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

smartphone wellbeing brainMany people believe that using smartphones and other electronic devices is ruining our memories and ability to think or simply use our brains. Research has shown a more nuanced picture with some negative effects but also some positive effects.

This piece of research, just published, sounds counter-intuitive. Most of us would assume that using smartphones and other electronic devices decrease our ability to memorise things – quite simply because we do not need to remember so many things. We can simply look it up in a few seconds or store it on the phone.

So, what did these researchers around Dawa Dupont at the University College London find?

To measure this the researchers developed a simple task-based experiment using circles on a screen which had to be dragged to the left or right of the screen. These circles had rewards assigned to them and some were designated high-reward circles and low reward circles.

Participants could save the information in their smartphones and set reminders. Interestingly saving the information and setting reminders improved memory. This improved memory for the saved information but also for unsaved information as well (i.e. low value circles they had not saved). This shows that using a smartphone to “off-load” memory, in contrast to what we think it is doing, is actually improving memory!

However, ironically lower value information was remembered better so it does make sense to save high-value information and have a back up of this because digital devices can improve memory – but seem to shift it to prioritise less important information!

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker, speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

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Reference

Dawa Dupont, Qianmeng Zhu, Sam J. Gilbert.
Value-based routing of delayed intentions into brain-based versus external memory stores.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2022
DOI: 10.1037/xge0001261

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How Meditation Helps Pain In Your Brain

How Meditation Helps Pain In Your Brain

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

meditation mindfulness brain

Yes, meditation can help with pain by changing your experience of it. I reported on that here. Another piece of research just published shows that how experienced meditators and novice meditators and their brains deal with pain slightly differently.

Joseph Wielgosz of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Tor Wager, a neuroscientist at Dartmouth College, tried to identify signatures in the brain of pain and how this changes with mindfulness training.

They did this by recruiting participants undergoing an eight-week mindfulness training at the university. Pain was measured by a standardised process of applying heat to the arm. What they noticed is that in those undergoing mindfulness training signals related to the intensity of pain were reduced. That is a good thing.

However, what was intriguing is that they noticed that in those who had undergone more training and were more experienced meditators that peripheral messaging in the brain was different. That is pathways that seem to deal with attention and expectation were activated differently.

So, it seems that more experienced meditators’ brains deal with pain responses differently to novices. But of note is that in both groups pain was reduced through meditative techniques – and that is in itself a good sign and one that has been supported by other research.

Therefore, if you are in pain, do consider meditation as a viable route to pain management. With mostly positive side effects.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker, speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

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Reference

Joseph Wielgosz, Tammi R.A. Kral, David M. Perlman, Jeanette A. Mumford, Tor D. Wager, Richard J. Davidson. 
Neural Signatures of Pain Modulation in Short-Term and Long-Term Mindfulness Training: A Randomized Active-Control Trial
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2022
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21020145

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When Stress Is Good For Brain Functioning

When Stress Is Good For Brain Functioning

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Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

brain stress

Stress gets a bad rap – understandably it is a negative experience and has been shown over long periods of time, and with high intensity, to cause multiple negative outcomes, from mental health issues to physical sickness.

The question though is not is stress bad for you, but how much stress is bad for you. Indeed, we also talk about eustress, stress that pushes to higher performance. This is something researchers around Assaf Oshri at the University of Georgia wanted to investigate further and discovered that stress can be good for your brain.

To do this they analysed data from the US national connectome project which matches detailed brain scanning with various life factor questionnaires. In this they analysed the data of 1’200 young adults who had completed a stress questionnaire asking questions about stress factors and how controllable these were. They were then also assessed using multiple cognitive tests such as cognitive flexibility, task switching, and memory.

What did they find?

They found that stressful situations could improve cognitive abilities. But also this effectively worked as an inoculation against further mental disorders. So, stress can strengthen the cognitive and mental system and shows that stress can have multiple positive effects. However, chronic stress and very intense stress can become harmful and quickly become negative impairing cognitive ability and susceptibility to mental illness.

So, there is a fine line to walk between stress being positive and becoming negative. The researchers also note that age, genetic predisposition, and community support are also key contributing factors.

What this shows is that we shouldn’t demonise stress but embrace it but be cautious of having too much too often and be helpful to those with less natural disposition or supportive communities to deal with it.

The researchers can’t give a definitive answer to how much stress is good because it is so personalised. You will have to find that out yourself – but I would encourage embracing some stress and having a positive attitude towards it. Which will also help in working through it!

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker, speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

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Reference

Assaf Oshri, Zehua Cui, Cory Carvalho, Sihong Liu. 
Is perceived stress linked to enhanced cognitive functioning and reduced risk for psychopathology? Testing the hormesis hypothesis. 
Psychiatry Research, 2022; 314: 114644
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114644

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Put Your Smartphone Down and Let your Mind Wander – You’ll Be Happier

Put Your Smartphone Down and Let your Mind Wander – You’ll Be Happier

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

day dreaming brain

There’s a lot been said about smartphone usage and how it can be used and abused. Most of this concern revolves around usage in children or teenagers, however, with some research saying there is less to worry about than many assume. But nevertheless, putting the smartphone, or other devices down seems to be a good idea.

This study just out though adds another interesting aspect. It revolves around affective forecasting which is our ability to predict how much we’ll enjoy something or not.

In these studies, led by Japanese researcher Aya Hatano, a total of 259 participants ranked how they thought they would enjoy just sitting and thinking by themselves. Sound like fun?

Well, not according to the participants, it does not sound like fun. And you will likely agree if you are like these participants. And that is probably one of the key reasons we tend to avoid sitting and thinking by ourselves and thereby seeking constant engagement with our devices.

However, the researchers found that people consistently reported this free thinking time as much more enjoyable than they had predicted. And this was irrespective of whether they were left to think by themselves for three minutes or 20 minutes, in a room with no stimulation, or asked during this free thinking or at the end of the period.

This is important for a number of reasons. One we could be distracting ourselves at the cost of something that we actually enjoy more than we think. But a lot of other research has also shown that this sort of free thinking is beneficial for multiple reasons such as helping with problem solving and creativity. It could also rest the brain and allow it to perform better when it has to perform.

All in this shows that sometimes putting own your devices and just letting your mind wander and immersing yourself in your own thoughts is probably a good thing for you – and you’ll enjoy it more than you think. The same probably applies to children as well!

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker, speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

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Reference

Aya Hatano, Cansu Ogulmus, Kou Murayama and Hiroaki Shigemasu. 
Thinking About Thinking: People Underestimate How Enjoyable and Engaging Just Waiting Is
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2022
DOI: 10.1037/xge0001255

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