Mastodon
Social Interactions Define Your Sense of Purpose

Social Interactions Define Your Sense of Purpose

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

friendship brain

Having a sense of purpose is a pretty good thing to have because it seems to correlate with multiple health and life satisfaction measures. If you have a healthy sense of purpose you will likely live longer, be happier, have less disease, lower risk of cardiovascular disease, be wiser, be less lonely, and have lower risk of various neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

All in not bad!

But what drives purpose?  There are multiple factors and I have reported on some of these before. But this study just out by Gabrielle Pfund et al. of Washington University in St Louis found something surprisingly simple, cheap, and effective.

What did they find?

For this study they tracked 100 participants, aged on average 71, over 15 days. They were asked three times a day about the quality of their social interactions and then in the evening asked how much purpose they currently felt in their life.

The results showed that the quality of interactions strongly influenced their sense of purpose. Simply, if you have positive social interactions, you feel an increased sense of purpose in life.

This is surprising and unsurprising simultaneously.

It is surprising for numerous reasons. Firstly, the strong assumption is that purpose is linked to multiple big-ticket items such as religion, spirituality, and contributing to the greater good in society, not simple short interactions during the day. Secondly most research seems to see sense of purpose as a stronger more stable personality trait rather than something that fluctuates on a daily basis.

However, it is unsurprising because social interactions have been shown to influence just about everything. There are multiple reasons for this and I have written about some of the positive chemicals that are released in the brain and body and contribute to general wellbeing in other places (such as here).

So, rather than think about big things in creating a sense of purpose, it seems that simply ensuring that we have more, and better, social interactions will have multiple positive knock-on effects.

That is a really important insight. The small things do count and contribute to the big things. And the benefits to individuals and society are dramatic.

More importantly you can affect this by having positive social interactions with others. It will benefit you, and it will benefit others also, and it will in turn benefit your community and society.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Gabrielle N. Pfund, Matthias Hofer, Mathias Allemand, Patrick L. Hill. 
Being Social May Be Purposeful in Older Adulthood: A Measurement Burst Design
The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2022; 30 (7): 777
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.11.009

More Quick Hits

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences o, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long? Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences ast year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of. A study out of the University...

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

hungry mood brain

So, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long?

Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse have actually been shown to have no correlation. So, things which seem obvious sometimes aren’t true. Secondly there has been plenty pf research into mood and various factors but little done with being hungry and angry in the real world “in the wild” so to speak.

This is measuring this when people go about their normal lives – obviously many other factors contribute to anger and irritability other than hunger.

In these sorts of situations groups of volunteers are monitored with an app and they are prompted randomly to provide answers to questions on their current mood and level of hunger. In this experiment, led by Viren Swami of Anglia Ruskin University, 64 adults were tracked over 21 days with five check-ins per day.

What did they find?

Yes, there was a strong correlation between hunger and anger and irritability. Specifically, 37% of the variance in irritability, 34% of the variance in anger, and 38% of the variance in pleasure was put down to hunger. Interestingly the negative emotions were impacted strongly by day-to-day hunger but also seemingly by residual levels of hunger over the research period.

So, there you have it, for the first time we now know that being “hangry” is a real thing in the real world. Proven

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Viren Swami, Samantha Hochstöger, Erik Kargl, Stefan Stieger.
Hangry in the field: An experience sampling study on the impact of hunger on anger, irritability, and affect.
PLOS ONE, 2022; 17 (7): e0269629
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269629

More Quick Hits

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences o, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long? Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences ast year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of. A study out of the University...

Reward Drives Aggressive Behaviour Against “Others”

Reward Drives Aggressive Behaviour Against “Others”

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

brain group bias

Us vs. them is known as in-groups vs. out-groups in psychology. This is the well-known effect of people being loyal to their own groups and being competitive and often aggressive to the out-group. This happens in multiple groups. Obvious ones are nationalities, religious groups, sports teams, but also geographical regions.

Previous research has shown that we human beings are very good at creating groups and this can be formed very quickly. We also know that these groups, at extreme levels, can be the cause of much of what we consider evil in society, aggression, abuse, murder, torture, and genocide. What may also be surprising, to some, is that all evidence points to this being hardwired i.e. babies as young as 3-months-old exhibit favouritism to in-groups and out-groups and this includes punishing the out-group and rewarding the in-group!

Now researchers at the Virginia Commonwealth University have investigated this effect further and come to some surprising, to some, conclusions!

What did they find?

They put 35 male college students through online competitive aggressive tasks. For this they told they would be competing with participants from a rival university. In fact, they competed against a computer – for ethical reasons. They had their brains scanned while doing these tasks.

What they found that was surprising is that those who were more aggressive against out-group members had greater activation of reward circuits in the brain suggesting that this is driven be reward rather than anger or other mechanisms. Specifically, the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

This reward circuitry was also associated with the mount they excluded the out-group from other activities. Though this has been measured in other contexts and the research points to this rewarding experience the researchers were most surprised by the strength of the effect in what is a “weak” out-group. A rival university is, in the big scale of things, not a very strong out-group such as the ones that are constructed in a divisive political atmosphere or on the global stage.

So sad to say that reward for punishing others seems to drive, to a large extent, in- and out-grouping and harming others. Fortunately, we now know this and fortunately not everybody exhibits this to excessive degrees

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Emily Lasko, Abigale C Dagher, Samuel James West, David Chester. 
Neural Mechanisms of Intergroup Exclusion and Retaliatory Aggression
Social Neuroscience, 2022

More Quick Hits

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences o, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long? Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences ast year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of. A study out of the University...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

crowd brain

Last year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of.

A study out of the University of Tsukuba has looked into decision-making under physical fatigue. Now this may seem to be off on a tangent and not related to the business world but they were specifically trying to look at what specifically clouds judgement under fatigue.

We know that when under fatigue, during or after strenuous activity, that so-called executive function decreases. Executive function is the ability to control impulses and control cognitive processes. One test of this is the Stroop test. The Stroop test flashes coloured words such as “red” but the text is either in the same colour or a different colour (e.g. red or red). If the text matches the text colour you click yes. If it doesn’t you click no.

This is tricky at the best of times and is often used as an executive function test in its own right.

When doing strenuous exercise, performance on this drops, often dramatically. The question now is, is it, because of attentional issues, a change in brain function to be able to exert yourself, or reduced oxygen?

The researchers devised an experiment whereby they were able to  manipulate oxygen supply to the brain and thereby see whether it was just the oxygen levels that influenced this. And yes, when oxygen supply remained stable during exercise, performance on the Stroop test was influenced much less.

So, this shows that it is the oxygen supply that clouds judgment – or ability to deliver oxygen to critical executive regions of the brain.

That is important because that shows that oxygen supply to the brain is important for all decision-making in all conditions.

Take note businesses particularly those with those muggy meeting rooms where executives make critical decisions

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Genta Ochi, Ryuta Kuwamizu, Kazuya Suwabe, Takemune Fukuie, Kazuki Hyodo, Hideaki Soya. 
Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise
Scientific Reports, 2022; 12 (1)
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14146-5

More Quick Hits

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences o, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long? Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences ast year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of. A study out of the University...

The Brain Waves That Drive Social Behaviour

The Brain Waves That Drive Social Behaviour

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

social brain mice

I have reported in other places on the social regions of the brain (for review see here). And this has indeed been the standard approach – try to identify the specific regions in the brain that engage in a particular activity.

However, this research adds an interesting twist to the concept of the social brain. Japanese researchers at Tohoku University and the University of Tokyo have discovered electrical brain wave patterns related to social behaviour in mice.

What did they find?

First, they found that there was a brain wave signature in social interactions. These came from regions we already know are associated with social behaviour namely a region called the medial prefrontal cortex, in the front of the brain, associated with social behaviours, and the amygdala which is well-known as an emotional and attentional centre.

When mice were socialising theta waves (slow waves) decreased and gamma (fast waves) increased. This is in itself interesting and gives another neural signature that is easier to measure than brain scanning. But mice that had poor social skills or that exhibited signs of depression or autism (yes, you can measure this in mice) lacked this brain wave pattern.

The critical question is: can these brain waves patterns actually influence social behaviour? Through optogenetics the researchers were able to stimulate the social brain wave patterns in these social dysfunctional mice and yes, their social behaviour normalised.

In short, a pretty amazing piece of research that shows that brain waves are critical to social interactions, and these can also be manipulated (in mice that is) to improve social behaviour. Not in humans yet, unfortunately!

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Nahoko Kuga, Reimi Abe, Kotomi Takano, Yuji Ikegaya, Takuya Sasaki. 
Prefrontal-amygdalar oscillations related to social behavior in mice.
 eLife, 2022; 11
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.78428

More Quick Hits

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences o, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long? Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences ast year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of. A study out of the University...

Being Mindful Improves Relationships With Co-Workers

Being Mindful Improves Relationships With Co-Workers

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

team high performance

The topic of mindfulness has been a hot topic for a number of years now. This is not to be confused with meditation which is often lumped together with mindfulness – because they do often go hand in hand.

Mindfulness is the concept of being more attentive, aware, and hence mindful of the world around you whereas meditation is a specific practice that can and often is a part of mindfulness training and practices – but not necessarily.

These researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University wanted to find out how mindfulness practices can impact work environments and conducted a qualitative study with 30 formal interviews, and 50 informal interviews, with managers, professionals, and consultants.

What did they find?

They found that there was a wide variety of mindfulness practises which can be as varied as pausing before starting a meeting or being particularly attentative while listening to a person.

The effects however seemed to also go past the individual themselves but participants noted how this impacted positive relationships and improved relationships in the workplace also positively affecting trust and psychological safety in the workplace. Bothe of which we know contribute to improved group outcomes in multiple ways and are backed up a by a bunch of research.

So, being mindful is not just beneficial to an individual but can improve relationships and group outcomes in the workplace. Not bad

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Christopher S. Reina, Glen E. Kreiner, Alexandra Rheinhardt, Christine A. Mihelcic. 
Your Presence Is Requested: Mindfulness Infusion in Workplace Interactions and Relationships
Organization Science, 2022
DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2022.1596

More Quick Hits

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Being “Hangry” Really Is A Thing

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences o, scientists have now proven that being “hangry” is real thing. What took them so long? Well, first of all things which seem intuitively right such as the weather making pain worse...

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Low Oxygen Impairs Decision-Making

Quick HitsDaily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences ast year I reported on how pollution and bad air in offices correlates with lower performance and productivity. Something business should take note of. A study out of the University...