Mastodon
Just how many people get COVID brain?

Just how many people get COVID brain?

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

covid-19 brain

 

There are many questions still open about COVID and the brain. There is no doubt that long COVID exists, and this can have dramatic impacts on people’s lives. But just how much COVID impacts the brain is unclear – we know that many people suffer cognitive and neurological symptoms – commonly referred to as “brain fog”. But the precise mechanisms are unclear – it is likely a combination of factors that lead can lead to damage in the brain, though one major study was more optimistic noting that many of the conditions are treatable or that underlying previously unidentified conditions were coming to the surface.

In comes this recent study out of the Boston School of Medicine which has aimed to quantify this more precisely. They found that 13% of people who had been admitted to hospital for COVID developed serious neurological symptoms. Most commonly noted was encephalopathy which covers a broad range of symptoms or conditions that leads to impaired neurological functioning. Other conditions such as stroke were much rarer. Though we know that these symptoms can occur even if symptoms are mild, they are much more common with sever illness and worse health outcomes – this includes chances of being admitted to intensive care and being ventilated. There are also racial differences, but this is not clear why.

Of obvious concern is that with the numbers of severe infections being so high, particularly in the USA, this leaves an awfully large amount of people who have had, and still have long COVID and potential long-term cognitive impairment.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, Chakradhar Venkata, Pria Anand, et al.
Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Critical Care Explorations, 2022; 4 (4): e0686
DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000686

More Quick Hits

Brain networks and losing weight – successfully or not

Brain networks and losing weight – successfully or not

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

brain food weightloss

 

Is weight loss all in the mind?

Well, with the danger of oversimplifying a complex topic, this latest research shows it is, and shows precisely how and with what networks. So, what did these researchers find?

The goal of this study was to measure the effectiveness of a behaviour-based (a good old-fashioned diet with restriction of calories) weight loss intervention. This was carried out by Jonathon Burdette and his team – they had previously identified two networks that are related to weight loss. These, called Functional Network 1 and 2 in this study (FN1 or FN2) with FN1 a network related to sensory and motor control and FN2 related to attention and cognitive control.

Participants were scanned in resting state (while doing nothing) and then after completing a food-cue task. They then completed a 6-month programme for weight loss and their results measured and then compared to their brain scans. What did they find?

They found that those who failed to lose weight had higher activity in FN1 in the resting state and lower activity in FN2 after the food-cue task. This may not sound clear but what it actualyl suggetss is those who had trouble losing weight had a higher natural desire to search out and find food in a resting state combined with inhibited or lower emotional regulation, control, and focus in the presence of food.

This therefore suggests that even in resting state the brain is activated differently and rather than a question of simple will power, it is different neural activation patterns – which may be less of a problem “in the wild” but in modern society when there are food cues everywhere, this can be obviously problematic.

The researchers don’t give any tips at this stage, but it is a step forward in understanding some of the challenges and dynamics of weight loss and getting obese in the first place. It also shows that a more individualised approach is necessary because individuals face different challenges.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Jonathan H. Burdette, Mohsen Bahrami, Paul J. Laurienti, Sean L. Simpson, Barbara J. Nicklas, Jason Fanning, W. Jack Rejeski.
Longitudinal relationship of baseline functional brain networks with intentional weight loss in older adults.
Obesity, 2022; 30 (4): 902
DOI: 10.1002/oby.23396

More Quick Hits

Reversing aging – with poo!

Reversing aging – with poo!

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

microbiome aging brain

 

Who wouldn’t want to age better – well the results of an unsual study are in and the results are promising and may make many of you who are aging prick up your ears.

The results showed that by transferring gut microbiota from younger to older mice improved multiple signs of aging in the gut, the eyes, and the brain. So far so good but the method with which this is done may make you cringe. This transfer is done through faecal transplants, yes, that is transplanting poo, or matter from your gut!

Now though this may sound disgusting, this is also a known treatment in cases of gut disorders – with a lot of success. Indeed, I have reported on the multiple impacts of the microbiota, our collection of bacteria, on multiple disorders ranging from loneliness, to depression, to increased cognitive ability. It seems like our microbiota is an essential ingredient to remaining healthy and particularly also in aging well.

This particular experiment was focused on aging and also follows on from positive results from blood plasma transplants between young and old mice. Of note is also that the experimental protocol involved faecal transplants from young to older mice and measuring the impacts through different biological markers, and alternatively transferring faecal matter from old mice to young mice and also measuring the impacts.

As already mentioned, when transferring from young to old, the older mice saw improvements in multiple markers in the gut, eyes, and brain. In the reverse condition when the young mice received faecal matter from old mice their condition deteriorated showing the opposite effects with increased inflammation in the brain and depletion of a protein required for normal vision.

This opens up promising new avenues for aging well – and yes, there are already plenty of startups in this space – I am sure that will only increase.

I for one am watching this space closely.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Aimée Parker, Stefano Romano, Rebecca Ansorge, Asmaa Aboelnour, Gwenaelle Le Gall, George M. Savva, Matthew G. Pontifex, Andrea Telatin, David Baker, Emily Jones, David Vauzour, Steven Rudder, L. Ashley Blackshaw, Glen Jeffery, Simon R. Carding.
Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain.
Microbiome, 2022; 10 (1)
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01243-w

More Quick Hits

Brisk walking slows biological aging

Brisk walking slows biological aging

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

walking brain health

 

If you want to age better, then walk quicker, or those who walk quicker, age slower. That is the result of a recent study of 400,000 UK adults mapped to genetic markers of age by the University of Leicester.

What exactly did these researchers find?

They looked at the telomeres which you may have heard of. These are caps at the end of your chromosomes that protect the chromosome (which houses your DNA). They’re kind of like the caps on shoelaces which stop them fraying. Once these shorten or disappear your DNA is at danger of losing the ability to replicate.

Telomere length seems to be a pretty good indicator of biological age irrespective of how old you are.

And this is where the connection becomes interesting. It seems that fast, or brisk, walkers have longer telomeres, and this can lead to a whopping 16 years younger biological age by midlife. That’s a lot. This is also independent of how much other exercise you get.

The same researchers have also shown previously that as little as 10 minutes of brisk walking a day is associated with longer life expectancy and that brisk walkers can have up to 20 years greater life expectancy than slower walkers.

Though they haven’t been able to fully confirm that faster walking speed will lead to greater life expectancy (in contrast to those who naturally walk faster having a natural longer life expectancy) they do note after this study that it is likely.

So, get yourself walking, briskly. My advice for those in the office to have a 3-minute brisk walk every hour seems also to hold very, very true for this, and other reasons.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Paddy C. Dempsey, Crispin Musicha, Alex V. Rowlands, Melanie Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Cameron Razieh, Iain Timmins, Francesco Zaccardi, Veryan Codd, Christopher P. Nelson, Tom Yates, Nilesh J. Samani.
Investigation of a UK biobank cohort reveals causal associations of self-reported walking pace with telomere length.
Communications Biology, 2022; 5 (1)
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03323-x

More Quick Hits

Learning at double-speed?

Learning at double-speed?

Quick Hits
Daily brief research updates from the cognitive sciences

learning student brain

 

W ouldn’t it be great if we could learn things double speed? Well, maybe we can. At least according to a study out of the University of California.

During the pandemic many students have been watching or catching up on lectures by watching recordings of lectures. These researchers wanted to know what happens if the recordings are speeded up – often students will speed through these recordings anyhow. What they found is that these can be sped up to about double the speed without any loss of comprehension or knowledge. It seems that this is down to how we process spoken speech. We tend to speak at about 150 words per minute and can process speech at up to 275 worlds per minute – almost double the speed. More than doubling the speed reduces comprehension.

They conducted different experiments, for example by watching twice at double speed, spaced by a week, or watching once at normal speed and once at high speed. Watching twice did marginally increase scores.

So, the summary is that watching speeded up video of lectures – up to twice the normal speed does not reduce comprehension and watching twice double speed improves comprehension (but not by very much).

Seems like this is a good idea then – but beware of cognitive load, cramming your day with double-speed lectures may also not be so good – that’s probably another experiment to conduct.

Andy Habermacher

Andy Habermacher

Andy is author of leading brains Review, Neuroleadership, and multiple other books. He has been intensively involved in writing and research into neuroleadership and is considered one of Europe’s leading experts. He is also a well-known public speaker speaking on the brain and human behaviour.

Andy is also a masters athlete (middle distance running) and competes regularly at international competitions (and holds a few national records in his age category).

twitter / LinkedIn

Reference

Dillon H. Murphy, Kara M. Hoover, Karina Agadzhanyan, Jesse C. Kuehn, Alan D. Castel.
Learning in double time: The effect of lecture video speed on immediate and delayed comprehension.
Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2021
DOI: 10.1002/acp.3899

More Quick Hits