Insults Trigger the Equivalent of a Slap to the Face in the Brain

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Insulting other people is not a good thing to do, we know that. Though we have all been guilty of it at some stage, no doubt. Similarly, we have all probably experienced insults of varying degrees. But what does this do to our brains?

Enter Marijn Struiksma et al. who investigated the brain and skin responses of three types of statement with a view to seeing if we get used to these statements over time i.e. does an insult become weaker over time as we get used to it. Obviously running this type of experiment runs into a number of ethical problems. How do we insult people without causing them too much distress, etc.?

The resulting experimental protocol was therefore very simple: 79 participants read three statements repeatedly. A negative statement “Andy is horrible”, a positive statement “Andy is impressive”, and a neutral statement “Andy is English”. To see differences to personalised statements, 50% of the statements used other names and 50% used the name of the participant.

Now, remember this is in a lab setting with the statements not coming from an interaction with a real person, the statements were fictitious, and, on the big scale of things, very mild. However, even so, the data showed that these statements still do get at you triggering robust brain wave changes and a stress skin conductance response. But what is surprising or noteworthy is that:

• Insults elicited strong responses irrespective of the person they were directed at (brain wave responses and skin conductance responses)
• Insults were more powerful than compliments, triggering the equivalent of a mini-slap to the face
• Insults did not degrade over time

This shows that there is a strong negativity bias when it comes to personal information and how sensitive we human beings are to these types of comments. But also, that negativity remains even after repetition is surprising because normally, we expect repetition to dull the effect – not so with insults.

It would be great to study this in the real world but that raises many ethical hurdles. For now, we know that insults do stimulate strong brain wave and skin conductance effects that remain persistent over time and are stronger than the effects of a compliment.

This may, on a different note, be why the rule of 6-1 was given for marriages and also business leadership. You need at least 6 positive comments to each negative comment.

Indeed, be sparing in your criticism and generous in your compliments.

References

Struiksma, M. E., De Mulder, H. N. M., and Van Berkum, J. J. A. (2022).
Do People Get Used to Insulting Language? 
Front. Commun.  7.
Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2022.910023.

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